tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56438688468857049232024-03-13T05:28:40.849-07:00MATEMATIK PRASEKOLAHSK KIJALAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-39847290033169217292012-12-09T04:44:00.001-08:002012-12-09T04:44:28.680-08:00LATIHAN<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-1377217240282540572012-12-05T04:46:00.001-08:002012-12-05T04:46:22.973-08:00macam maner nak ajar matematik pra sekolah<br />
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Maklumat ni copy n paste sebagai panduan bersama untuk guru
macam saya dan juga bakal2 guru dan tidak lupa ibu2 diluar sana yang nak anak
die pandai math kan.selain daripada itu, mungkin ape yang kita ajar kat malaysia berbeza sket dari yang kat luar negara yek...ape2 pun bagus utk kite share yek!</div>
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Kredit sket kat : http://www.wikihow.com/Learn-Math-in-Preschool</div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.wikihow.com/Learn-Math-in-Preschool">HOW
TO LEARN MATH IN PRESCHOOL</a></div>
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Every child is unique and hence the best way for them to
learn math in preschool depends on their innate aptitude and the level of
interest that they demonstrate in this subject. What math teachers must do is
nourish, develop and refine this aptitude and interest by creating an
atmosphere that encourages learning and using activities that are effective and
engaging. Parents should also try to use the methods used by preschool teachers
so the child can continue to learn at home.</div>
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Steps</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>What Does Preschool
Math Consist Of?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Gain understanding of the basic categories within the
subject of math that are taught in preschool. Although preschool curricula can
change and new math topics may be added in future, most preschools have the
following topics included in their syllabus.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Geometry: students learn about shapes such as
square, circle and triangle.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Math language terms: understanding equations and
terms such as "add," "subtract" and "equal to."</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Measurement: learning to measure distance,
length, width and quantities.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Number sense: understand what numbers mean and
their value (for example, how many is 6 or 10).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Space and location: what it means to be near,
far, behind or ahead of something else.</div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<a href="" name="Math_Teaching_Methods"></a><b>Math Teaching Methods<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>Focus on different
math skills that need to be developed to help the child learn math in preschool</b>.
Math teachers often use teaching methods that focus on 1 skill area at a time
during early learning stages so the child develops a clear concept of how to differentiate
between different tactics used to solve math problems.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Geometry <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tell students the names of different shapes and
then ask them to repeat them.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Have students join shapes to create new shapes.
Ask the student the name of the final shape and the smaller shapes used to
create it.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Increase the accuracy of the students'
understanding of shapes by having them draw the shapes on blank paper.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="" name="Math_Language_Terms"></a><b>Math Language Terms<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Use math language terms such as "add"
or "subtract" while talking or singing to children.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Read books or show videos that demonstrate how a
person can get more of something by adding, or less than something by dividing.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Give 2 students a different number of toys and
then ask them to share so they both have an equal number of toys.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Measurement<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Offer the child a collection of similar toys but
of different colors (for example, some yellow and some green toy cars). Ask the
child how many he or she has of each color.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Think of a number and ask the student to guess
what it is by giving clues. For example, you could say that the number is
between 3 and 8.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="" name="Number_Sense"></a><b>Number Sense<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Count the days to the next school holiday on a
calendar.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Draw a number line (a line with numbers to
create a basic scale).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Show the student 4 playing blocks. Then mix them
with the other blocks and ask the student to take out 4 blocks. Repeat with
different numbers.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="" name="Space_and_Location"></a><b>Space and Location<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ask the child to point to things that are near
or far.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sing songs that describe concepts such as up and
down, before and after, or in and out.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Tips<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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Preschool math should not be taught only during math class.
Preschool teachers can also teach math skills during other subjects, such as
art, by having them draw different shapes. This helps the student develop an
understanding of how different subjects are related and offers a more unified
learning experience.</div>
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Parents and teachers should communicate frequently to
discuss the child's interests and development.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">sources<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<a href="http://connected.waldenu.edu/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&view=items&id=1550:how-to-teach-math-to-preschoolers" title="http://connected.waldenu.edu/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&view=items&id=1550:how-to-teach-math-to-preschoolers">http://connected.waldenu.edu/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&view=items&id=1550:how-to-teach-math-to-preschoolers</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.kindergarten-lessons.com/kindergarten-and-preschool-math.html" title="http://www.kindergarten-lessons.com/kindergarten-and-preschool-math.html">http://www.kindergarten-lessons.com/kindergarten-and-preschool-math.html</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.ncld.org/at-school/especially-for-teachers/effective-teaching-practices/preschool-math-grows-up-tips-for-teachers" title="http://www.ncld.org/at-school/especially-for-teachers/effective-teaching-practices/preschool-math-grows-up-tips-for-teachers">http://www.ncld.org/at-school/especially-for-teachers/effective-teaching-practices/preschool-math-grows-up-tips-for-teachers</a></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-49060493319542062472012-11-28T05:41:00.000-08:002012-11-28T05:41:13.363-08:00aktiviti tambahan<a href="http://www.tlsbooks.com/countandcircle1.html" rel="nofollow"> Count and Circle Worksheet 1 </a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.tlsbooks.com/primarycolorshapes4.html"> Colors and Shapes Worksheet 4 </a><br />
<a href="http://www.tlsbooks.com/primarycolorshapes2.html"> Primary Colors and Basic Shapes Worksheet </a>
<br />
<a href="http://www.tlsbooks.com/dragonfly3176.html"> Dragonfly Color-by-Number Worksheet </a><br />
<br />
ni contoh2 yang boleh kite share untuk ank murid kite...worksheet ni sungguh menarik! jom<br />
kat cni saya sertakan alamat web yang sesuai sebagai rujukan tambahan untuk P&P<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fun2write.com/numbers.shtml">http://www.fun2write.com/numbers.shtml</a>
<br />
<a href="http://www.fun2write.com/shapes.shtml">http://www.fun2write.com/shapes.shtml</a>
<br />
<a href="http://www.fun2write.com/size.shtml">http://www.fun2write.com/size.shtml</a>
<br />
<a href="http://www.fun2write.com/maths.shtml">http://www.fun2write.com/maths.shtml</a>
<br />
<br />
Klik jgn tak klik tau!!!Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-76517790661633892762012-11-28T02:28:00.001-08:002012-11-28T02:28:17.004-08:00perancangan aktiviti<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Topik : Pengelasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tema: Tumbuh-Tumbuhan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tajuk: Mengelaskan Daun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kandungan : Mengelaskan Objek<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hasil pembelajaran : mengelaskan objek mengikut satu
ciri :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 111.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Warna<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 111.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saiz<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bentuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aktiviti:
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Murid
dibawa keluar kelas untuk mengumpul pelbagai jenis daun yang dijumpai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Murid
mempamerkan daun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Murid
mengelaskan daun mengikut satu cirri, sama ada berasaskan warna, saiz atau
bentuk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Murid
menampilkan daun yang telah dikelaskan mengikut satu ciri tadi di atas kertas
mahjung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perbincangan
diadakan berdasarkan hasil kerja murid yang dipamerkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rajah 1 : pengelasan mengikut warna daun yang sama</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">Rajah 2: pengelasan mengikut saiz daun yang sama</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Rajah 3: pengelasan mengikut bentuk daun yang
sama</span></div>
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-18887249156450219922012-11-28T02:05:00.001-08:002012-11-28T02:05:09.528-08:00Rancangan Mengajar Bertema<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: magenta;">Rancangan mengajar harian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Topik: padanan satu dengan Satu</div>
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Tema: pakaian</div>
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Kandungan: memadan objek</div>
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Hasil pembelajaran:memadan objek mengikut</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> 1. </span><!--[endif]-->Bilangan pasangan yang cukup</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->2<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> 2. </span><!--[endif]-->Bilangan pasangan yang tidak cukup</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Aktiviti 1: Bilangan Pasangan Yang Cukup</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a 1. Guru akan menyediakan tiga penyakut baju dan
tiga helai baju</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b 2. <span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Murid akan diminta untuk menyakut</div>
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<br /></div>
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</div>
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Aktiviti 2: Bilangan Pasangan Yang Tidak Cukup.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a 1. Guru menyediakan tiga penyangkut dan daun helai
baju. </div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 2. Guru meminta murid menyangkut baju ke penyangkut
yang disediakan</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-size: 7pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> 3. </span><!--[endif]-->Guru bersoal jawab dengan murid.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
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<span style="background-color: magenta;"> Rumusan </span></div>
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Guru memberitahu murid bahawa terdapat
objek yang tidak berpasangan disebabkan jumlah objek itu terlebih atau
terkurang daripada pasangannya.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="background-color: magenta;"> Pengukuhan</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: magenta;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
Guru mengadakan beberapa aktiviti lain
seperti memadankan garpu dengan sudu bagi mengukuhkan lagi kefahaman murid.</div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-44757055876065893112012-11-25T06:11:00.000-08:002012-11-25T06:11:43.692-08:00Numbers 123 FULL VERSION - Kids + Children Learn English Songs<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/nuB5WDLn31c?fs=1" width="459"></iframe><br />
<br />
boleh guna untuk anak-anak kita kat sekolah...jom shareAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-50566761495223377182012-11-24T10:18:00.000-08:002012-11-24T10:18:16.108-08:00Exercise Grouping Objects<u><span style="background-color: white; color: magenta;">Exercise 1: Shape</span></u><br />
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<br /></div>
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<u style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: magenta;">Exercise 2: Colour</span></u></div>
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<u><span style="color: magenta;">Exercise 3: Size</span></u><br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-29206682736743008292012-11-22T09:07:00.003-08:002012-11-24T07:07:40.972-08:00pra nombor in english > grouping<h2>
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Grouping Objects</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;">1.Colour</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiclucq3hj_ydFUJVKAm_vA5AAjkpQ9rWWQU5y34yz5NNR0-ZAj3f1SsBM6ReqPQJ38pMEVrGrt-w9phqbOY4KD8XMx84aAa7YNO0urGf2UwDBZOF-zq-EIVBMhXt5V_g5y0eKrDF_4Pgo/s1600/grouping+objects.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiclucq3hj_ydFUJVKAm_vA5AAjkpQ9rWWQU5y34yz5NNR0-ZAj3f1SsBM6ReqPQJ38pMEVrGrt-w9phqbOY4KD8XMx84aAa7YNO0urGf2UwDBZOF-zq-EIVBMhXt5V_g5y0eKrDF_4Pgo/s320/grouping+objects.jpg" width="281" /></a></div>
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learning outcomes : Grouping objects according to colour</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="font-size: large;">2. SIZE</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMllb_sQNtN_9489kKhD_Pj2D2pa6Y09GMrBdIPBKAIvCw7QHQB4VbehHmKuIwQesM9yh4c_WLJa0yamoe4e6WkP9sO03Ia4TG8vlCLaH5Hhcl7XdKdOKrdf_LufAJy90JHN96MLeZ1aw/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMllb_sQNtN_9489kKhD_Pj2D2pa6Y09GMrBdIPBKAIvCw7QHQB4VbehHmKuIwQesM9yh4c_WLJa0yamoe4e6WkP9sO03Ia4TG8vlCLaH5Hhcl7XdKdOKrdf_LufAJy90JHN96MLeZ1aw/s320/1.jpg" width="283" /></a></div>
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learning Outcome: Grouping objects according to size</div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="font-size: large;">3. SHAPE</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4ALwLICXM7hSMMpIPeYO3vs3czwfhCwlAaBh-CTCuouROpzZzbPlpONoZk8KFSnhNKP9I2E4i2-GJl8jWqF8LSVXyT2N4zbqSDyWcw61HTS4F9k5lm2yWKijs-ksJnTmHkJ8-TGC_PYA/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4ALwLICXM7hSMMpIPeYO3vs3czwfhCwlAaBh-CTCuouROpzZzbPlpONoZk8KFSnhNKP9I2E4i2-GJl8jWqF8LSVXyT2N4zbqSDyWcw61HTS4F9k5lm2yWKijs-ksJnTmHkJ8-TGC_PYA/s320/2.jpg" width="263" /></a></div>
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<i><b>Round</b></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0_TivSS6IM-x_wymuDw5TokpWy7QsmQ3Br2JiExBboBTxzf2odMAbnIvvqZgFzoSkslQVSXmcH2tanUw_vna1FSIkaGQm3dvxJDbINsYkpOtmT9KuMen2TBIlaIXT8wzWbqEApAzfizA/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0_TivSS6IM-x_wymuDw5TokpWy7QsmQ3Br2JiExBboBTxzf2odMAbnIvvqZgFzoSkslQVSXmcH2tanUw_vna1FSIkaGQm3dvxJDbINsYkpOtmT9KuMen2TBIlaIXT8wzWbqEApAzfizA/s320/3.jpg" width="251" /></a></div>
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Learning Outcome: Grouping objects according to sahape</div>
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<u>Activity 1</u></div>
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Materials: Red and blue buttons, marbles and flowers</div>
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Instructions:</div>
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1. Teacher distributes a few red and blue buttons of different shapes and sizes to each student.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEittQZ46p3bBIqyplF9nTjJs9N9jEwdRzaIO1uPVH69CYAykp1fHc9eU3T3s3TGMEzE77ASfHqol7PIQOp2mADp0JpH9UcPvgSXPDApN_F0yUL7GE8oK2k9q28YK5BS-SNWayM_91pWpWk/s1600/grouping+objects.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEittQZ46p3bBIqyplF9nTjJs9N9jEwdRzaIO1uPVH69CYAykp1fHc9eU3T3s3TGMEzE77ASfHqol7PIQOp2mADp0JpH9UcPvgSXPDApN_F0yUL7GE8oK2k9q28YK5BS-SNWayM_91pWpWk/s1600/grouping+objects.jpg" /></a></div>
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2. Each student groups the buttons according to their colours.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8eZEz6pfXU12HX_BXqPpsmIrJqf-bO3YnRWjw1FRbUdBPDNocqHGAB8UrjqxAsEy1GqevfnrHGQhP580p9A_Ip8racugLkX8wlGzYO8DG4DVYNUcOq9sizONPtKmFlThxIoO3ZCB-I5c/s1600/grouping+objects.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8eZEz6pfXU12HX_BXqPpsmIrJqf-bO3YnRWjw1FRbUdBPDNocqHGAB8UrjqxAsEy1GqevfnrHGQhP580p9A_Ip8racugLkX8wlGzYO8DG4DVYNUcOq9sizONPtKmFlThxIoO3ZCB-I5c/s1600/grouping+objects.jpg" /></a></div>
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3. Repeat this activity with materials such as marbles and flowers.</div>
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<u>Activity 2</u></div>
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Materials : 1 cm buttons, 2cm buttons, spoons and blocks</div>
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Instructions : </div>
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1. Teacher distributes a few buttons of sizes 1cm and 2 cm to each student.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW3PfEzKpghgsHneePLlbbS6M4EQm0IJ-8n7K0pUOmv_d7Pnm6ehTSKlsprdSIooOwSIs5St1UknAtSlB3Dun5s0GF2a0d_TIEvXOgw8oCw2APOD1_NmCtrH1HtvYPh_y2xBcmzKcHmiw/s1600/grouping+objects.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW3PfEzKpghgsHneePLlbbS6M4EQm0IJ-8n7K0pUOmv_d7Pnm6ehTSKlsprdSIooOwSIs5St1UknAtSlB3Dun5s0GF2a0d_TIEvXOgw8oCw2APOD1_NmCtrH1HtvYPh_y2xBcmzKcHmiw/s1600/grouping+objects.jpg" /></a></div>
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2. Ecah students groups the buttons according to their sizes</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgztRqq92Ku0-hnmo6pv1ZiSxtiaSCYyrRt1TBstvj8CADh0AWV2VyYVX8AAAILnCF9FVRWlKLPmTHDtp6YiEc7Jz_uCCL59Q_kx00Gt58j763RhoSNUVtxHAV3fkG5JsuO-Ep08EY0biY/s1600/grouping+objects2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgztRqq92Ku0-hnmo6pv1ZiSxtiaSCYyrRt1TBstvj8CADh0AWV2VyYVX8AAAILnCF9FVRWlKLPmTHDtp6YiEc7Jz_uCCL59Q_kx00Gt58j763RhoSNUVtxHAV3fkG5JsuO-Ep08EY0biY/s1600/grouping+objects2.jpg" /></a></div>
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3. Repeat this activity with materials such as spoons and blocks.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCgK1Bap2bACEjS_yFRVvjLExA4KNXb4ngx4It0a3Q_RT8HL4I3aTcIY53VJAkAmHWr2NOh_V63eF7nn6qrOvMPZZCT9VsiNosh6Lzh1n1L12fP_pxL_U8MmQBOmagklWR71WW3vblirg/s1600/grouping+objects3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="157" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCgK1Bap2bACEjS_yFRVvjLExA4KNXb4ngx4It0a3Q_RT8HL4I3aTcIY53VJAkAmHWr2NOh_V63eF7nn6qrOvMPZZCT9VsiNosh6Lzh1n1L12fP_pxL_U8MmQBOmagklWR71WW3vblirg/s320/grouping+objects3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<u>Activity 3</u></div>
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Materials : candies of various shapes</div>
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Instructions : </div>
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1. Teacher distributes candies of various shapes to each student.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdOWZUzH36RpY3l9TmefMbOKQui_VRFgHr9uRRnsZWfgjHgWjwbODrrhCQrSUdVIULdxCmNWUu4r-n4tLa5TIkQP_5p6eD9YQQSpdkdcXPKfbLzlY0Pd3rmlrTrFpvGMctVhP_vfaVgFY/s1600/grouping+objects2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdOWZUzH36RpY3l9TmefMbOKQui_VRFgHr9uRRnsZWfgjHgWjwbODrrhCQrSUdVIULdxCmNWUu4r-n4tLa5TIkQP_5p6eD9YQQSpdkdcXPKfbLzlY0Pd3rmlrTrFpvGMctVhP_vfaVgFY/s1600/grouping+objects2.jpg" /></a></div>
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2. Ecah students groups the candies according to their shapes</div>
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3. The student who is the first to group the candies correctly is the winner.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMV9HUPJJUO83U6ss02tag_kG5Lf9HhSkJEEuR-2pGcQQX96HgAUu5VPSX7X4Vwxlwo5fdBn_OrDAuS_rpkFSi4TlC28xwMcxNDQ34UrvNg6KLMBtorTb6nJvZvN71T3RyqHWxJaRQ06U/s1600/grouping+objects3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMV9HUPJJUO83U6ss02tag_kG5Lf9HhSkJEEuR-2pGcQQX96HgAUu5VPSX7X4Vwxlwo5fdBn_OrDAuS_rpkFSi4TlC28xwMcxNDQ34UrvNg6KLMBtorTb6nJvZvN71T3RyqHWxJaRQ06U/s1600/grouping+objects3.jpg" /></a></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-376023154593674292012-11-15T08:13:00.003-08:002012-11-15T08:13:40.491-08:00Counting Numbers 1 - 10<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5643868846885704923" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/F5QLp9Wxrrg?fs=1" width="459"></iframe>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-37096958927903531742012-11-15T06:12:00.000-08:002012-11-25T05:42:29.656-08:00Pengenalan<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Awal matematik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penguasaan matematik awal
oleh murid prasekolah penting kerana ianya merupakan asas untuk membantu murid dalam
memahami konsep matematik yang lebih tinggi. Pembelajaran matematik diperingkat
awal yang diperoleh melalui pengalaman langsung dan bermakna dalam suasana
menggembirakan akan dapat memupuk minat murid untuk mempelajari matematik dan
menganggapnya ianya sesuatu yang sungguh menyeronokkan.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirJTA57a_x4L-PwwLPInNia7i4dwk5dG63qlp3MjF7YRJsn3fEsU-3FDso08KLhjqZJ0Btr8lKI8GRSKfWwcqA_y576JK4IH_Jh4j8EBT4WqT8ZlszI9DUojOiSf3AFX8sj2gLyuzGHFU/s1600/gambr+bdk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="86" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirJTA57a_x4L-PwwLPInNia7i4dwk5dG63qlp3MjF7YRJsn3fEsU-3FDso08KLhjqZJ0Btr8lKI8GRSKfWwcqA_y576JK4IH_Jh4j8EBT4WqT8ZlszI9DUojOiSf3AFX8sj2gLyuzGHFU/s320/gambr+bdk.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konsep awal matematik di peringkat prasekolah terahagi
kepada :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pranombor</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">nombor</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pengukuran</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">konsep masa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">konsep ruang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PRANOMBOR</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Terbahagi kepada beberapa pecahan iaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pengelasan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">perbandingan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">seriasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">padanan satu dengan satu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pola</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">keabadian</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengelasan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengelasan adalah pengumpulan objek
dalam kelas atau subkelas berdasarkan ciri-ciri yang jelas. Tujuannya
untuk memastikan murid dapat membezakan dan mengumpulkan objek berdasarkan
kesamaan dan perbezaan. Klasifikasi objek boleh dilakukan berdasarkan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Satu ciri (contoh: warna atau bentuk atau saiz)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dua ciri (contoh: warna dan bentuk atau warna dan saiz)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tiga ciri (contoh: warna, bentuk dan saiz)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Negatif (contoh: objek yang tidak terdapat dalam kumpulan
tertentu)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kanak-kanak
akan diperkenalkan dengan cara menyusun mengikut susunan mudah dan
mengumpulkan mengikut bentuk, saiz, warna, corak, dan fungsi.
Aktiviti yang boleh dijalankan adalah dengan mencampurkan semua
barang-barang bersama. Kanak-kanak perlu mengasingkan barang-barang
tersebut dalam kumpulan atau set yang berbeza.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Aktiviti pengelasan adalah
proses penting untuk membentuk konsep nombor.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses pengelasan perlu melalui
beberapa tahap;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Memilih dan membanding,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Mengumpul,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Memilih semula,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Mengasingkan kumpulan, dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Memilih objek berdasarkan fungsi,
kegunaan atau konsep.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perbandingan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perbandingan adalah proses mengaitkan
antara dua benda menggunakan ciri tertentu sebagai asas perbandingan
(Gibbs dan Castadena, 1975). Perbandingan berlaku apabila kita
membandingkan ciri-ciri kuantitatif dan kualitatif dua objek.
Tujuannya adalah untuk memastikan murid-murid menguasai konsep yang selalu
digunakan dalam perbandingan seperti lebih banyak, lebih kurang dan lebih
tinggi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh perbandingan: membandingkan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1) Ukuran</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Panjang : pendek</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Tinggi : rendah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Tebal : nipis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2) Saiz</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Besar : kecil</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3) Berat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Berat : ringan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4) Bilangan / kuantiti</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Banyak : sedikit</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)Jenis objek</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 12pt 0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seriasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seriasi merupakan susunan lebih daripada dua objek mengikut
turutan berdasarkan kriteria yang jelas. Tujuannya adalah untuk memastikan
susunan turutan yang betul. Kebolehan menyusun dan menertib adalah
mengikut perkembangan konservasi dan pengelasan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh seriasi:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Menyusun mengikut pola urutan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Kecil – besar, nipis – tebal, rendah – tinggi, pendek – panjang, sempit
– luas.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Menyusun objek mengikut ciri</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Padanan Satu dengan Satu</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Padanan satu dengan satu adalah
hubungan perkaitan satu dengan satu antara objek yang sama atau berbeza.
Proses memadan bermula daripada konsep memadan objek dengan objek mengikut
warna, saiz, bentuk, bilangan, pasangan dan sebagainya, objek dengan nombor
dan nombor dengan nombor. Memadan bilangan objek dengan simbol juga adalah
sebahagian daripada konsep padanan satu dengan satu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh padanan satu dengan satu;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Memadan benda yang berpasangan
yang sama seperti kasut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Memadan benda yang berpasangan
tetapi tidak sama seperti garpu dengan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sudu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Memadan bilangan yang sama.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Memadan bilangan objek dengan
simbol nombor.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pola</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Salah satu aspek dalam matematik
adalah mengkaji pola. Contohnya, dalam kehidupan seharian kita, ada waktu
siang dan waktu malam. Terdapat empat cara bagaimana konsep pola boleh
dikembangkan dalam diri murid;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Meniru pola,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Menyambung pola,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Melengkapkan pola, dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Membina pola sendiri.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keabadian</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Ketekalan (consistency) merupakan satu aspek yang boleh dikaitkan dengan
jisim, isipadu, dan keluasan. Tujuan konsep keabadian diperkenalkan adalah
untuk memastikan murid-murid memahami ketekalan jisim dan isipadu walaupun
diletakkan, disusun atau diatur di tempat atau keadaan yang berbeza.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. NOMBOR</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nombor memainkan peranan penting
dalam pembelajaran matematik. Nombor adalah sesuatu yang dikaitkan dengan
kuantiti, kesedaran yang melibatkan konsep dari mudah ke kompleks. Nombor
boleh dipecahkan kepada :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">membilang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">konsep nombor</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">operasi nombor</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Membilang</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Membilang adalah satu proses yang
rumit dan memerlukan ketelitian yang mana murid-murid memberikan nama bagi
sesuatu nilai nombor. Terdapat empat prinsip membilang yang perlu dikuasai
oleh murid sebelum mereka dapat membilang secara rasional dan bukan secara
hafalan. 4 prinsip ini adalah;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Prinsip padanan satu dengan
satu, di mana murid dapat memadankan satu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">objek dengan satu nama nombor,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Prinsip susunan nombor yang
mengikut urutan (stable order) iaitu bermula dari 1,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2, 3,... dan seterusnya,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Prinsip Cardinal iaitu nama dan
nombor yang terakhir adalah jumlah objek yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dibilang, dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Order Irrelevance
(ketakberkaitan) iaitu boleh memulakan pengiraan dari mana-mana</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kedudukan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk menjadi pembilang yang
rasional, murid harus menguasai keempat-empat prinsip</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tersebut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Konsep Nombor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Konsep nombor disimpulkan oleh pemikiran seseorang daripada kumpulan atau kumpulan
benda yang dilihat. Konsep nombor menggambarkan bilangan atau banyaknya
benda bagi sesuatu kumpulan iaitu sifat kuantiti benda tersebut manakala angka
adalah simbol atau tanda yang mewakili serta menggambarkan konsep nombor.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem nombor yang digunakan hari
ini mempunyai 4 ciri penting iaitu;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Nilai tempat – kedudukan digit
mewakili nilai tertentu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Asas sepuluh – bermaksud koleksi
sepuluh yang mempunyai 10 digit dari sifar ke sembilan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Penggunaan sifar – Simbol untuk
sifar yang menyatakan sesuatu yang tidak wujud.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Mempunyai nilai tambah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Nombor boleh ditambah berdasarkan
nilai tempat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Operasi Nombor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembelajaran operasi nombor
melibatkan konsep tambah (+) dan tolak (-). Konsep asas bagi operasi
tambah ialah proses dua himpunan yang disatukan dan menjadi jumlah
tertentu. Manakalan konsep tolak adalah apabila satu himpunan
objek dikeluarkan sebahagian daripadanya. Prasyarat sebelum mengajar
operasi nombor adalah;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Membilang – berdasarkan 4 prinsip
membilang secara rasional.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Pengalaman konkrit – operasi
dimulakan dengan bahan maujud secara bergambar atau simbol.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Konteks penyelesaian masalah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Satu situasi penyelesaian masalah
diberi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Penggunaan bahasa yang betul</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Bahasa yang betul perlu digunakan
supaya operasi itu lebih bermakna.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Operasi nombor terbahagi kepada 2
iaitu :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(a) Operasi Tambah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Operasi tambah merupakan gabungan
antara dua set objek. Guru boleh menggunakan pendekatan ELPS (Experience, Language,
Picture, Symbol) ketika mengajar operasi tambah. Pengalaman konkrit
diberikan di samping penggunaan yang betul bagi mewakili operasi dalam
bentuk bergambar serta bentuk simbol.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Menggunakan objek konkrit.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Menggunakan bahasa yang betul.
Contohnya Tiga tambah lima sama dengan lapan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Menggunakan gambar untuk mewakili
nombor-nombor tersebut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Menggunakan simbol untuk mewakili
operasi tersebut. 3 + 5 = 8</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(b) Operasi Tolak</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Operasi tolak mempunyai beberapa
makna atau pengertian seperti berikut:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Memisahkan atau mengurangkan
kuantiti daripada satu kuantiti keseluruhan dan melihatkan baki yang
tinggal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Membandingkan dan mencari
perbezaan. Ini melibatkan dua kuantiti dan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">melibatkan perbezaan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Berapa lagi yang diperlukan. Ini
melibatkan satu kuantiti keseluruhan yang mana satu bahagian telah
diketahui dan kita perlu ketahui bahagian yang tinggal. Nyatakan berapa
yang perlu ditambah kepada 3 untuk mendapat 8. ?+ 3 = 8</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. PENGUKURAN</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengukuran adalah satu proses di
mana satu nombor diberikan kepada ciri (attribute) (contohnya panjang,
berat, kapasiti, luas, isipadu, suhu dan masa) sesuatu objek
atau peristiwa. Kebolehan mengukur terbentuk daripada pengalaman,
pengelasan, perbandingan dan turutan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses aktiviti pengukuran biasanya
perlu melibatkan kanak-kanak merekodkan ukuran, membandingkan ukuran dan
menceritakan ukuran yang dilakukan. Dua jenis unit boleh digunakan dalam
pengukuran iaitu;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Arbitrari (arbitrary) – contohnya:
jengkal, paper clip, tapak kaki, langkah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Unit piawai seperti;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sentimeter - panjang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">liter - isipadu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kilogram - berat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">meter persegi - luas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">darjah celcius - suhu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">meter padu - isipadu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terdapat beberapa peringkat untuk
mengajar pengukuran iaitu:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Mengenalpasti ciri (attribute)
dengan membandingkan objek secara:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Pilih satu unit sama ada unit
arbitrari atau unit piawai. Kemudian bandingkan objek dengan unit yang
dipilih.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Cari bilangan unit seperti;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">> Persepsi – perbandingan
persepsi tentang panjang (bandingkan dua objek yang mana lebih
panjang atau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">adakah ia sama panjang)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic";">></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Secara langsung – guru menyediakan beberapa bahan konkrit
seperti klip kertas, krayon, thumbtack dan lain-lain. Kemudian ukur
secara terus dan buat perbandingan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic";">></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Secara tidak langsung – berasaskan sesuatu rujukan,
murid menggunakan tali untuk mengukur bahan panjang. Tali
bertindak sebagai bahan pengukur.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">>Pilih satu unit sama ada unit
arbitrari atau unit piawai. Kemudian bandingkan objek dengan unit yang
dipilih.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">>Cari bilangan unit seperti;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Membilang menggunakan instrumen
tertentu seperti pembaris, jangka suhu, penimbang dan kalendar.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic";">> </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menggunakan
rumus (formula).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Laporkan bilangan unit.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. KONSEP
MASA</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masa adalah satu konsep yang abstrak
dan tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata kasar. Konsep masa berkait rapat
dengan turutan atau seriasi. Turutan peristiwa seperti akhir, pertama,
selepas, sebelum dan di antara menunjukkan idea kedudukan seperti pertama,
kedua dan ketiga. Masa boleh diukur dengan dua cara iaitu;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Tempoh masa (peristiwa yang
mengambil kira masa ia berlaku).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Waktu ia berlaku (ketika waktu itu
berlaku).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unit arbitrari untuk pengukuran masa
seperti ayunan bandul, titisan air, denyutan jantung dan jam pasir. Unit
formal bagi pengukuran masa pula seperti jam, hari, minggu, bulan dan
tahun. Empat pengalaman utama yang berkaitan dengan masa adalah :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Tempoh Masa (duration) terbahagi
kepada pengalaman satu, pengalaman dua dan pengalaman tiga.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">*Pengalaman Satu</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memulakan dan menghentikan sesuatu
melalui isyarat. Contoh:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· apabila muzik dimainkan, murid
mula bertepuk tangan dan berhenti apabila muzik dihentikan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· kerusi berirama (musical chair)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· statue dance</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">*Pengalaman Dua</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melalui pengalaman bercerita sesuatu
yang berkaitan dengan kadar pergerakan. Contoh: Pantas, lambat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Berjalan pantas.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Berlari dengan perlahan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">*Pengalaman Tiga</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Membuat perbandingan mengikut sela
masa (time interval). Contoh:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Masa yang diambil untuk memenuhkan
sesuatu bekas dengan air atau pasir.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Kadar denyutan nadi dalam satu
minit.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Turutan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">*Pengalaman Empat</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menjangka, mengingat dan menerangkan
turutan peristiwa tertentu. Contoh:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Dari bayi kepada kanak-kanak
kemudian remaja dan dewasa.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Kitaran hidup rama-rama.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Kitaran hidup katak.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Rutin harian.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Cara-cara membuat sandwich.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. KONSEP
RUANG</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merujuk kepada sesuatu objek yang
terletak dalam ruang seperti depan, belakang, atas, bawah, sisi, tengah,
luar dan dalam. Kedudukan relatif;</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Kedekatan (proximity) – contohnya,
kereta itu lebih dekat dengan pokok berbanding rumah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Pemisahan (separation)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Contohnya, rumah Abu dipisahkan
dengan rumah Ali oleh sebatang jalan raya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Susunan / urutan (order)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Contohnya, pensel disusun dari
pendek ke panjang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Lingkungan (enclosure)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">– Contohnya, rumah itu dilingkungi
oleh pokok-pokok.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dua pengalaman utama bagaimana
kanak-kanak prasekolah membina dan memahami perkaitan ruang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">· Tindakan ke atas objek</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(a) Mengisi dan mengosongkan,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(b) Memasang dan meleraikan objek,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(c) Menukar bentuk dan menyusun
objek.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh: meregang getah, melonggokkan
buku, melipat kertas, kain dan lain-lain lagi. Murid menghasilkan bentuk
menggunakan papan geo (geoboard).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melibatkan pemerhatian dan
tafsiran berhubung dengan ruang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(a) Memerhati orang lain, tempat dan
benda daripada titik pandangan ruang yang berbeza.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(b)Mengalami dan menerangkan
kedudukan, arah dan jarak di dalam kelas prasekolah dan bangunan di
persekitaran.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(c) Mentafsir perhubungan ruang
dalam lukisan, gambar dan foto.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12157462237030894867noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5643868846885704923.post-3053753206619684772012-11-15T02:07:00.001-08:002012-11-15T02:07:26.702-08:00aktiviti kenal nombor<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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